ARM-based smart grid data collector design, entry-level data collector applications and system architecture; entry-level data collectors usually support single-phase power lines, the purpose is to collect automatic meter reading system (AMR) data or new with digital output Smart meter data. Collected data is usually stored in the flash memory of the collector system (built-in or externally placed in the microcontroller
I. Application and system structure of entry-level data collector
Entry-level data collectors usually support single-phase power lines. The purpose is to capture automatic meter reading system (AMR) data or new smart meter data with digital output. The collected data is usually stored in the flash memory of the collector system (built-in or external to the microcontroller itself), and the centralized data is transmitted to the upstream network at a predetermined time through the selected communication interface.
The entry-level data collector usually performs a certain amount of preliminary data processing before passing information to the upstream network. For example, with a small amount of data sampling and time recording, the data collector can report the power usage for a specific period of time, ranging from a few minutes to a week or a month. Data can also be classified and stored according to different time intervals and screening methods. This will help utility companies to analyze power usage trends in detail, granularity of data granularity to individual users, and dynamic adjustments to achieve more reasonable power distribution. After configuration, the data collector can monitor the downstream operation of the electronic meter. If the meter parameters change, or if the reporting interval exceeds the tolerance, or if fault or abnormal data is detected, the data collector will implement software intelligence, promptly report an alarm, and provide the maintenance team with information needed for remote repair.
The transmission mode of smart grids may vary from place to place. Therefore, in accordance with local regulations, basic function sets need to be extended. According to the location of the data collector, RS-485, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) or Power Line Communication (PLC) can be used for data transmission, and infrared or RS-485 can also be used for external control. Many developers do not customize designs for each region or market, but instead adopt a “one size fits all†approach to build system support for all possible transmission methods (but not all transmission methods are used simultaneously). This approach may bring economies of scale in manufacturing, but at the same time more demands will be placed on the microcontroller.
Second, entry-level data collector system block diagram and resource requirements
Figure 1 shows how to configure the microcontroller for entry-level data collectors. Table 1 lists the general functional requirements of the design. Assume that the device collects data from multiple UART ports and supports a variety of basic functions, including input acquisition, data storage, communications, and maintenance. The design includes a real-time clock RTC for providing timestamp data, an optional analog-to-digital converter ADC for real-time power quality checks, and an optional SPI interface for use with external memory or external device communications such as wireless transmission radio modules.
Figure 1 Microcontroller Configuration Example for Entry Level Data Collector
The power consumption requirements of the microcontroller itself are not listed in Table 1, but generally speaking, the data collector needs high efficiency. Utilities companies do not want to increase the extra costs of electricity consumption in the grid, and consumers are not willing to increase their electricity bills by using new metering functions.
Third, entry-level data collector component election and consideration
The NXP LPC1200 industrial control series provides a good solution for entry-level data collectors. As shown in Figure 2, the family uses the ARM Cortex-M0 processor, which provides up to 128 KB of flash memory and contains additional resources that the data collector can use, such as RTC, ADC, and SPI.
Figure 2 LPC1200 functional block diagram
The LPC1200 Series comes standard with support for two UARTs. In addition, its unique application-specific standard product (ASSP) feature allows the system to additionally support two hardware UARTs. The ASSP feature allows designers to avoid increasing high-end equipment expenses while having enough flexibility to perform multiple tasks in different applications. For example, its built-in ASSP can also be configured for I2C to DMA transfers, pin pattern matching, or analog data logging. The use of ASSP can reduce the load on the CPU and reduce the disruption to system operation when processing simple information. It can customize the functions of the microcontroller while minimizing system overhead.
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