Dolby Atmos is a new generation of film audio technology that revolutionizes the audio experience of movies. This article provides guidance on the layout of Dolby Atmos theater speakers, providing a quick design reference for cinema planning, helping the theater determine the ideal mounting position for the speakers for high-quality Dolby Atmos playback. This column will be split for several days for serialization.
First, the screen speaker
1.1 Placement and height
The center speaker should always be placed on the center line of the screen, regardless of where the screen is located in the movie theater. In a traditional theater, the screen speaker on the left and the screen speaker on the right should be placed between the 1.85:1 (widescreen) and 2.39:1 (distorted widescreen) images. For screens with a screen width of more than 12 meters, adding two screen speakers will help achieve a smoother sound movement across the entire screen. After adding two speakers, place the left center speaker (Lc) and the right center speaker (Rc) between the center speaker and the left screen speaker and the right screen speaker. It is also recommended to use the same speakers in each of the above locations.
In a traditional movie theater with the same height, the screen speaker should be placed vertically and the acoustic center height of the speaker should be placed at about 2/3 of the height of the screen.
The acoustic center of each speaker will vary depending on the type of design, but typically, the acoustic center of the two-way screen speaker is at the midpoint of its horn, and the acoustic center of the three-way screen speaker is at the intermediate and high frequency horns.
In a movie theater with a constant screen width and a top movable cover, the left and right screen speakers should be placed on the inside edge of the screen. Due to the variable height of the picture, some compromises have to be made in the vertical position. Dolby recommends setting the acoustic center at 2/3 of the height of the wide screen (1. 85:1) and 2/3 of the height of the anamorphic screen (2. 39:1).
1. 2 orientation
The screen speaker should be rotated horizontally so that the center axis of the speaker can point to a position that intersects the centerline of the picture at 2/3 of the length of the theater (starting from the screen). For speakers mounted on the wall of the pole, only the horn of the speaker is rotated, and the woofer is still level with the wall of the pole
The orientation of the screen speaker horn should be able to achieve optimal audience sound coverage. There are many factors that can affect the sound coverage, including the vertical scattering characteristics and height of the speaker, the length of the theater, and the slope of the auditorium. The theater needs to refer to the speaker manufacturer's product description to set the speaker's downward elevation angle so that the theater can achieve optimal sound coverage.
1.3 screen woofer
The woofer for playing the low frequency effect (LFE) should be installed in the position where the back of the screen is connected to the back wall or flush into the screen wall. When using multiple subwoofers, Dolby recommends putting them together to enhance the sound through coupling effects. Do not place the woofer symmetrically along the centerline of the theater to avoid standing waves (low frequency resonance in the room).
Second, surround speakers
2.1 Added Surround Speakers
One of the main differences between Dolby Atmos and Dolby 7.1 surround or 5.1 surround sound is the placement of the surround speakers. Dolby panoramic sounds pinpoint sounds from anywhere in the studio. To achieve this, add some surround speakers to the side walls and ceiling of the studio. The surround sound speaker on the side wall is placed from the position of the previously recommended movie theater 1/3 length (starting from the screen), and the surround sound speaker is extended to the position closer to the screen and then placed on the back wall of the room. The top surround speakers should be installed as shown in Figure 4 and the top speaker placement and top surround speakers orientation recommended in this article.
2.2 The spacing between the side walls of the cinema and the surround speakers of the rear wall
As a rule of thumb for medium-sized cinemas, the spacing between the surround speakers should be between 2m and 3m, and the left and right surround speakers should be placed symmetrically. However, when designing the spacing of surround speakers, the most effective factor is the angle at which a listener is located to the angle between two adjacent speakers, rather than the absolute distance between the two speakers.
In order to achieve optimal spatial resolution in the entire theater, the angle between the edge of the central listening area and the center line of the studio should be no more than 30°. The central listening area refers to an area located in the middle of a position wider than the nearest quarter of the wall, as shown in the gray area of ​​FIG. Speakers adjacent to the auditorium should be kept as linear as possible. The spacing between the surround speakers outside the listening area (for example, the area between the first row and the screen or the corner of the back wall of the studio) may be slightly wider. If the surround sound speakers used have limited output power, more speakers are needed to achieve the desired sound pressure level.
2.3 Height of the theater side wall and rear wall surround speakers
Surround speakers that install the side and back walls of the studio should follow these guidelines: The height of the side wall surround speakers closest to the screen should be the same as the height of the center of the screen speaker source.
The height of the rear wall speaker should be such that the height of the speaker placed on the back wall of the studio should be the same as the relative height of the surround speakers closest to the screen – the side wall and rear wall surround speakers rise parallel to the seat slope. When conditions permit, the speaker should be placed at a height that is inaccessible to the viewer to prevent the speaker from being damaged, stolen, etc. The speaker should be placed at a sufficient height to better cover the auditorium. It is recommended to be 1/4 of the width of the cinema. The side wall surround speakers should be vertically oriented on the line connecting the surround speakers closest to the screen speakers to the back wall surround speakers.
2.4 Orientation of the surround sound wall of the cinema and the rear wall surround speakers
The surround speakers on the side of the studio should be properly adjusted for the height angle so that the axis points to the height of the ear at the farthest seat on the other side of the theater.
The horizontal angle of the side wall surround speakers located in the front area of ​​the auditorium and the surround speakers on the corners of the back wall should be adjusted to the center of the auditorium and subject to the following restrictions:
The horizontal angle of any speaker must not exceed 45°.
The side wall surround sound speakers along the main listening area of ​​the auditorium should maintain the center axis perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of the cinema at a horizontal angle.
The rear wall surround sound speaker located in the auditorium's main listening area should keep the center axis parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the cinema at a horizontal angle.
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