Governments and power companies around the world have realized that traditional grids that have not changed much in the past 100 years will be replaced by smart grids with higher energy efficiency, flexibility and intelligence. As a self-healing CNC transmission and distribution network, intelligence The grid is capable of delivering electricity from a power plant to a point of use, including renewable energy that is integrated into the grid. The smart grid can optimize power transmission efficiency, enabling power supply companies to provide users with two-way communication and customer-side energy management services, minimizing power outage accident rates and transmitting power on demand. Reduced costs for power supply companies and end users, more reliable power supply, and reduced CO2 emissions are the ultimate benefits for smart grids to power companies and users.
Figure 1: Smart Grid: The core of the INNOVATION concept.
All electric equipment must be connected to the power line through a power outlet. Therefore, we can think that the power line is an inexpensive communication medium that always exists. It is no longer necessary to lay expensive cables or install a radio frequency system.
Power line narrowband communication is sufficient to maintain a simple exchange of information, such as power metering, sending commands to actuators, inspection systems, and the like. In indoor and outdoor environments, power line narrowband communication can achieve many applications. For example, power companies can remotely monitor street lights or implement centralized meter reading (AMR) and automatic meter management (AMM) solutions through an outdoor grid, while providing multiple customer services, including power control and electricity price selection. The indoor grid can be used for home appliance networking to automate home or building, create a security anti-theft system, and control temperature and lighting brightness. All of these functions are inseparable from power line modems (PLMs). Like ordinary modems, power line modems convert binary data streams into a sequence of preset characteristics (frequency, signal level) and then transmit these signals at the receiving end. Restore to binary data and complete the modulation and demodulation process of the signal. The power line modem shall be capable of transmitting a modulated signal on the power line and detecting an input signal transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end to complete the signal transceiving process.
As mentioned above, centralized stopwatch, also known as AMR, is one of the main target applications of power line modems. The technology used in traditional electromechanical meters is no longer suitable for further development in the long run, while electronic meters can be used by power supply companies and consumers. More value, including reducing manufacturing costs, maintenance costs, carbon dioxide emissions, improving the accuracy of electricity measurement, and most importantly, providing consumers with detailed information on actual electricity consumption, providing real-time service quality data for power supply companies.
Smart meters are the result of the evolution of centralized meter reading AMR technology and are a major component of smart grids. Smart meters bring tangible benefits to power companies and consumers: consumers can more accurately monitor power usage, for example, using washing machines, dishwashers or electric water heaters at the lowest price, while power companies can increase power generation and transmission. effectiveness.
The emerging smart grid is actually a smart digital grid that is used to define the technical standards for the next generation of transmission and distribution grids. Smart meters can enable consumers' home networks to communicate with smart grids, providing smarter power management services to power companies and consumers.
The smart grid market can be subdivided into three major market segments: infrastructure (eg, data concentrators), energy meters, and home/building management, each with different application requirements.
The micro-inverter is used to collect renewable energy such as solar energy, and communicates with the smart grid through a power line modem. The figure below shows the structure of a new solar collector system.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the latest solar collection system.
To meet these application requirements, industry standardization organizations have introduced new power line communication standards:
IEC 61334-5-1 protocol, S-FSK modulation mode data transfer rate up to 2.4 Kbps
Meters & More specification, B-FSK and multiple modulation modes n-PSK modulation
PRIME protocol featuring robust OFDM modulation
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