What is embedded? What is a microcontroller? What is the difference and connection between embedded and single-chip microcomputer? This article first introduced the link between embedded development and microcontroller development, followed by the difference between embedded development and microcontroller development, and finally introduced the characteristics of embedded and microcontroller. Follow the specific Xiao Bian together to find out.
First, the link between embedded development and SCM developmentAccording to the definition of IEEE, embedded systems are devices used to control or monitor large-scale systems such as machines, devices, or factories. From the definition we can see that in fact, the previous control devices and single chip microcomputer systems should also belong to the category of embedded systems.
We can understand this way, the embedded system is a big class, and the microcontroller is an important subclass. As the name implies, embedded systems are systems embedded in other systems. For example, the embedded attitude control system in a car system can make the car drive safer and more effective; the automatic control system is introduced into the power system to make the power supply work more stable. The attitude control system and the automatic control system of the power supply here belong to the embedded system.
The system formed by the single-chip microcomputer is generally used for automation and industrial control functions. These functions are generally not used independently and are required to cooperate with other systems. Therefore, in a broad sense, single-chip microcomputer applications generally belong to a branch of an embedded system. At present, due to the wide range of applications of embedded systems, there are embedded systems such as mobile phones that are not single-chip microcomputers. The application processor is added to the basic functions of the mobile phone (calls, short messages) to make it more powerful, but due to the manufacturing process The problem, high-end mobile phones can not do a full integration (an integrated one is a cottage), but it is also a branch of the embedded system.
1, the difference between the single-chip microcomputer and the embedded system composition structure:
(1) The basic structure of the one-chip computer
The single-chip microcomputer is composed of an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, and an input/output device.
(2) Part of the embedded system
Embedded systems generally consist of embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating systems, and specific applications.
The first step in the design of embedded systems is to combine specific applications and consider the system's requirements in terms of cost, performance, scalability, development cycle, etc., determine the main control device of the system, and use it as the core to build the system hardware platform. .
2, the difference between the hardware components of SCM and embedded
The single-chip microcomputer includes a microcontroller circuit in an integrated circuit chip, and some common input and output interface devices. From the perspective of the way in which the embedded system is constructed, according to the development level of modern electronic technology, the embedded system can be implemented with a single-chip microcomputer or other programmable electronic devices. The remaining hardware devices are based on the needs of the target application system.
3, the difference between SCM and embedded in software composition
There is no application program in the general-purpose single-chip microcomputer that manufacturers leave factory, so can't run directly. After adding the application, the microcontroller can run independently. The embedded system must have control software. The way of implementing the control logic can be completely using hardware circuits or software programs.
4, the difference between the primary and secondary relationship between SCM and embedded
Microcontrollers are now considered to be general-purpose electronic devices, and the microcontroller itself is the main body. The embedded system is subordinate to the physical structure. The embedded system is embedded in the target application system. The embedded system is dominant in the control relationship and is a logic processing system that controls the operation of the target application system. Although the embedded system can be constructed in different ways, once it is constructed, the embedded system is a dedicated system. In a dedicated system, the software of the programmable device can be embedded in the system construction process, and can also be directly generated during the device manufacturing process to reduce manufacturing costs. The control logic of a complex microcontroller will require operating system software support; an embedded system with a simple control logic can also be supported without operating system software.
In accordance with historical, essential, and universal requirements, embedded systems should be defined as: "specialized computer systems embedded in object systems." "Embedded", "dedicated" and "computer system" are the three basic elements of an embedded system. Object system refers to the host system embedded in the embedded system.
Embedded development refers to development under the embedded operating system. Commonly used systems include WinCE, ucos, vxworks, linux, android. In addition, using c, c++ or assembly development; with advanced processors, arm7, arm9, arm11, powerpc, mips, mipsel, etc., or with the operating system also belongs to the embedded development.
Embedded features
1) Cutability. Support open and scalable architecture.
2) Strong real-time performance. EOS is generally real-time and can be used in various device controls.
3) Unified interface. Provide a unified drive interface for the device.
4) It is easy to operate, simple, and provides a friendly GUI and graphical interface. It is easy to learn and use. Provides powerful network functions, supports the TCP/IP protocol and other protocols, provides TCP/UDP/IP/PPP protocol support and a unified MAC access layer interface, and reserves interfaces for various mobile computing devices.
5) Strong stability, weak interactivity. Once the embedded system begins to operate, it does not require too much user intervention. This requires EOS with strong stability for system management. The user interface of the embedded operating system generally does not provide operation commands. It provides services to user programs through system call commands.
6) Curing code. In the embedded system, the embedded operating system and application software are fixed in the ROM of the embedded system computer.
7) Better hardware adaptability, ie good portability.
8) The embedded system and the specific application are organically combined. Its upgrading is synchronous with the specific product. Therefore, once the embedded system product enters the market, it has a longer life cycle.
What is a microcontroller? Generally, we will refer to a single-chip microcomputer as a single-chip microcomputer. It is not a chip that performs a certain logic function, but integrates a computer system into a single chip. Equivalent to a miniature computer, compared with the computer, the microcontroller only lacks I/O devices. Is a typical embedded microcontroller.
Microcontroller Features
(1) Small size, simple structure, and high reliability
The single-chip microcomputer integrates each functional component on one chip, and adopts a bus structure internally, which reduces the connection between the chips and greatly improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the single-chip microcomputer. In addition, its small size makes it easy to take shielding measures against strong magnetic fields and is suitable for working in harsh environments.
(2) Strong control ability
Although the structure of the single-chip microcomputer is simple, it is "completely prepared" and already has enough control functions. The microcontroller has more I/O ports. The CPU can directly perform I/O operations, arithmetic operations, logic operations, and bit operations. The instructions are simple and rich. Therefore, SCM is also a "control-oriented" computer.
(3) Low voltage, low power consumption
The microcontroller can operate at a voltage of 2.2V, and some can already work at 1.2V or 0.9V. The power consumption is reduced to μA, and a button cell can be used for a long time.
(4) Excellent performance/price ratio
Because of the simple hardware structure, short development cycle, strong control functions, and high reliability of a single-chip microcomputer, a control system developed with a single-chip microcomputer is cheaper than a control system developed with other types of microcomputers under the same function. .
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