I. Introduction / Summary
The market for solar inverters (photovoltaic inverters) is growing due to the demand for renewable energy. These inverters require extremely high efficiency and reliability. This paper examines the power circuits used in these inverters and recommends the best choice for switching and rectifying devices.
The general structure of the photoelectric inverter is shown in Figure 1. There are three different inverters to choose from. Sunlight illuminates the solar modules connected in series, each module containing a set of solar cells in series. The direct current (DC) voltage generated by the solar module is on the order of hundreds of volts, depending on the lighting conditions of the module array, the temperature of the battery, and the number of series modules.
The primary function of this type of inverter is to convert the input DC voltage to a stable value. This function is implemented by a boost converter and requires a boost switch and a boost diode.
In the first configuration, the boost stage is followed by an isolated full bridge converter. The role of a full bridge transformer is to provide isolation. The second full bridge converter on the output is used to convert the DC DC from the first stage full bridge converter to an alternating current (AC) voltage. The output is filtered before being connected to the AC grid network via an additional two-contact relay switch to provide safe isolation during fault events and isolation from the supply grid at night.
The second structure is a non-isolated scheme. Wherein, the AC alternating voltage is directly generated by the DC voltage outputted by the boosting stage.
The third architecture utilizes an innovative topology of power switches and power diodes to integrate the functions of the boost and AC-AC generation into a dedicated topology.
Absolute rotary Encoder measure actual position by generating unique digital codes or bits (instead of pulses) that represent the encoder`s actual position. Single turn absolute encoders output codes that are repeated every full revolution and do not output data to indicate how many revolutions have been made. Multi-turn absolute encoders output a unique code for each shaft position through every rotation, up to 4096 revolutions. Unlike incremental encoders, absolute encoders will retain correct position even if power fails without homing at startup.
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