This system is aimed at the protection of personal safety (such as airbags) when the vehicles are sold in the existing market, and ignores the consideration of preventing accidents. The driver-based eye tracking fatigue alarm system based on FPGA can solve the above problems well, and has many advantages such as high integration, fast processing speed, more powerful functions, and convenient internal design improvement compared with the traditional DSP implementation.
1. Research significanceVideo real-time tracking is an applied research direction, and its application is more and more extensive, such as military, aviation, anti-theft, video conferencing, etc., especially in important occasions, the security inspection system has become a new application field. The system applies real-time video tracking to drivers of fatigue driving to avoid traffic accidents. "Traffic accidents are fiercer than tigers." In recent years, the number of private cars owned by nationals has continuously increased. At the same time, the incidence of traffic accidents has also increased, and vehicle and safety issues have become a hot spot of concern to the society. Among them, traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving accounted for about 20% of the total number of accidents, accounting for more than 40% of major traffic accidents; an accident survey in Japan showed that accidents caused by fatigue accounted for about 1% to 1.5%; French National Police The accident reported that the accident occurred due to fatigue and sleepiness, accounting for 14.9% of personal injury accidents, accounting for 20.6% of fatal accidents. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conservatively estimates that there are about 100,000 car accidents caused by fatigue driving every year. Start. It can be said that fatigue has become the enemy of safe driving.
The vehicles sold in the existing market pay more attention to the protection of personal safety (such as airbags) in the event of an accident, ignoring the precautions against accidents. The design of the driver's eye tracking fatigue alarm system can solve the above problems well. The traditional video tracking image processing process is realized by DSP. Firstly, it has high wiring complexity in the design of peripheral devices, and the measurement accuracy is greatly affected by the wiring. Secondly, the design and debugging has high difficulty in the actual interior space. It is often necessary to change some parameter designs, etc., which is subject to greater restrictions in actual use. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, it is urgent to develop a circuit design system with powerful functions, high integration, and convenient updating of internal devices.
Driver eye tracking fatigue alarm system application video real-time tracking principle, real-time tracking capture driver's eye (through facial image tracking and eyeball recognition), analyze the driver's eye closure and calculate the closure time to determine whether to raise an alarm. The system consists of four parts: camera and video decoding module, display, LCD display module and development board. In the system design process, we use the FPGA device as the hardware foundation, use Xilinx's MicroBlaze embedded soft core processor, combine image processing and dynamic target recognition algorithm, and supplement the necessary peripheral circuits to complete the whole system. In order to improve the processing speed of the system, all the main processing processes are realized by hardware, including real-time acquisition of video images, median filter and FIR filter, and related image processing algorithms.
This design is mainly suitable for drivers who often need to drive long distances, or for car manufacturers of various brands or some traffic safety departments.
2, system principleThe system can be divided into four modules: image acquisition, feature extraction, data storage, human-computer interaction interface.
(1) Real-time collection of facial image data
The video stream obtained by the camera passes through an external video decoding chip to convert the analog video signal to the digital video signal, so that it can be sent to the FPGA for further processing.
(2) Image processing function
Realizing the extraction of eye features is the core algorithm part of the design, and the closed state of the eye is judged according to the obtained eye features. With the powerful computing power of MicroBlaze, most of the algorithms are implemented by running C code from this soft core.
(3) Data storage
The user-defined module inside the FPGA can store the video information when the eye closing time exceeds the set threshold value into the CF card. In the event of a traffic accident, the data can be used as an important data for analyzing the cause of the accident. The user can also display the video information stored in the CF card on the display by selecting.
(4) Human-computer interaction interface
The design uses a high-resolution color LCD screen to realize a visual operation interface. According to the user's needs, the prompt information can be displayed when an alarm occurs. At the same time, the touch screen is used to select functions for the interface, such as controlling the storage of video data.
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