The industry has long been "rumored" that Sony is considering equipping Light Peak with a laptop. But the author has always believed that the Light Peak laptop will not be available in 2011. Because the "electric version" Light Peak, that is, "Thunderbolt" was the first to be practical.
Light Peak is the high-speed interface technology that Intel released on IDF in September 2009. At the beginning of its introduction, the company stated that it will use optical transmission technology, which is its biggest feature. But then Intel announced that it would initially use electrical signals instead of optical signals. Then in February 2011, Apple Inc. of the United States released the laptop "MacBook Pro" equipped with Thunderbolt. Therefore, the author believes that Light Peak with optical transmission technology will not be unveiled in 2011.
But the author's idea is completely wrong. Sony's new product "VPCZ21V9E" of the "VAIO Z" series of notebook computers to be launched at the end of July 2011 will be equipped with an optical interface between devices based on Light Peak. To this end, this article will introduce the points related to Light Peak.
Implement "intensification" of interfaces
Light Peak was first published on IDF in September 2009. Its biggest feature is the use of optical transmission technology. As a result, the data transmission speed has increased to more than 10Gbit / sec, and it is expected to achieve 100Gbit / sec in the future. By increasing the speed, a single cable can be used to transmit a variety of interface signals. In other words, the lower layers such as the physical layer can be shared among the interface specifications, and the upper layers such as the protocol layer can use different signals according to the interface specifications. In short, the technology is like circulating various things in a thick pipe.
Prepare a high-speed physical layer on which to transmit various interface signals to achieve intensification. This idea has become a trend in the interface industry. For example, DisplayPort can use a conversion adapter to connect DisplayPort to HDMI and DVI. The data transmission speed of DisplayPort is high, so it can also transmit HDMI signals. In the current standard v1.2, the data transmission speed of each channel is 5.4 Gbit / sec. The maximum available 4 channels, a cable can achieve 21.6Gbit / s data transmission speed. If the auxiliary channel "AUX" is used, the USB 2.0 specification signal can also be transmitted.
HDMI also supports the sending and receiving of Ethernet signals from version 1.4. The "DiiVA" called the Chinese version of HDMI can not only transmit audio and uncompressed HD images, but also transmit Ethernet and USB 2.0 signals, and even supply power. In addition to audio and uncompressed HD images, the "HDBaseT" led by Israeli Valens Semiconductor and other companies can also transmit Ethernet and USB 2.0 signals, and can supply 100W of power.
Among them, DiiVA and HDBaseT are characterized by the use of Ethernet cables. In other words, DiiVA and HDBaseT use the physical layer of Ethernet to transmit audiovisual signals.
In addition, the interfaces for portable terminals include the "MHL" promoted by Silicon Image, the "Mobility DisplayPort (MYDP)" jointly developed by STMicroelectronics and ST-Ericsson of Switzerland, and the United States. The "SlimPort" developed by Analogix Semiconductor Inc. can share 5-terminal microUSB to transmit uncompressed HD images. That is, it supports USB data signals and HD images. Since microUSB can be shared, no dedicated connector is required for all three interface technologies.
Among them, MHL was the first to be practical. It has been used in the Samsung Galaxy S II smartphone from South Korea. MHL, like HDMI, uses TMDS to transmit image data, so if a conversion adapter is used, a TV equipped with an HDMI terminal can be connected. As far as I know, the Galaxy S II does not specifically emphasize "equipped with MHL", but emphasizes the use of conversion adapters to connect with HDMI.
For the internal aspects of portable terminals, the next-generation physical layer "M-PHY" of the transmission technology "MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface)" is scheduled to be used as the physical layer of various internal interface specifications. For example, "DigRF v4" connecting the wireless communication module and the application processor, and "CSI-3" connecting the camera module and the application processor. In addition, the high-speed interface UFS for memory cards is also expected to use M-PHY.
Among the interface groups planned to achieve intensification, Light Peak has the biggest feature of supporting two interface specifications of image transmission and data transmission (storage). At present, it has been determined that Thunderbolt supports DisplayPort and PCI Express. The former belongs to the category of image transmission, while the latter belongs to the category of data transmission. If you support both, you can also support a variety of other interface specifications. For example, DisplayPort can support HDMI, DVI and VGA. And PCI Express can support SATA and so on.
Three reasons for intensification
Why is the trend of "intensive" interfaces accelerating? There are at least three reasons. First, the number of connectors can be reduced. Currently, notebook computers and tablet terminals are increasingly demanding thinness. For this reason, the number of connectors needs to be reduced. In addition, it has been difficult to increase the number of connectors in small portable terminals such as digital cameras and mobile phones.
Second, it can reduce costs. First, after reducing the number of connectors, the cost of connector parts and electromagnetic noise countermeasure parts can be reduced accordingly. If the physical layer can be shared, the manufacturing cost of the physical layer itself can be reduced through the mass production effect.
Third, the physical layer technology that enables high-speed data communication has made progress. At present, the interface specifications supporting speeds above 5Gbit / sec are continuously increasing. This is because the emphasis processing implemented at the sending end and the equalizer processing technology implemented at the receiving end have advanced.
USB4 specifies tunneling of:
USB 3.2 ("Enhanced Superspeed") Tunneling
DisplayPort 1.4a -based Tunneling
PCI Express (PCIe)-based Tunneling
Main Benefits of USB 4
The new USB 4 standard has three main benefits over prior versions of USB.
40 Gbps Maximum Speed: By using two-lane cables, devices are able to operate at up to 40 Gbps, the same speed as Thunderbolt 3. The data is transmitted in two sets of four bidirectional lanes.
DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0: USB 4 supports DisplayPort 2.0 over its alternative mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support 8K resolution at 60 Hz with HDR10 color. DisplayPort 2.0 can use up to 80 Gbps, which is double the amount available to USB data, because it sends all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all eight data lanes at once.
Better Resource Allocation for Video, PCIe: In lieu of alternative mode where the other interface takes over the connection, USB 4 devices can use a process called "protocol tunneling" that sends DisplayPort, PCIe and USB packets at the same time while allocating bandwidth accordingly.
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