1 LED lighting industry overview
LED applications are divided into two categories: display and illumination. A new type of illumination using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source is called semiconductor illumination, referred to as LED illumination. The industry dominated by semiconductor illumination is called the LED lighting industry. The LED lighting industry chain includes upstream raw materials, equipment (single chip) and epitaxial growth; midstream chip manufacturing; downstream packaging and product development, production and application; supporting industries including related equipment, accessories, materials, etc. The upstream link has high technical content, large capital investment, large quality impact, high profit margin, LED luminous color and luminous efficiency are related to the materials and processes for making LED, and upstream accounts for about 70% of LED manufacturing cost, which is extremely important for the LED industry; It is a technology- and capital-intensive link. The chip is currently the most competitive part of patent competition. It has the characteristics of large investment intensity but slow effect. The downstream links include the development and production of LED packages and lamps, which are the most closely related links to the market. The relatively low content and low investment threshold are the largest and fastest growing areas in the LED industry.
2 Status of the international LED lighting industry
The LED lighting industry is in a period of rapid development. At present, the global LED industry can be divided into four regions. First, in Europe and the United States, the general lighting is the main direction, emphasizing the high reliability and high brightness of the products. Second, Japan is the most comprehensive technology. Whether it is general lighting or backlit display, it has strong strength, and its development direction takes into account general lighting, automobiles, mobile phones and television. Third, South Korea and Taiwan, with notebook display backlighting, LED-TV backlighting and mobile phone backlight as the main direction, with large shipments, low unit prices and low gross profit. Fourth, the mainland of China, focusing on yellow-green light, focuses on outdoor display, advertising screens, and signal lights.
Under the dual pull of domestic industrial policies and international market demand, China's LED lighting products market is also accelerating. At present, global LED production capacity is shifting to China. About 50% of global LED packaging and more than 60% of LED applications are in China. China has become the fastest growing region in the global semiconductor lighting industry.
3 China's LED lighting industry development policy
With the innate advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, L ED industry has become a powerful engine to start the green lighting revolution. It is known as the “golden intersection of new light source and new energy†and continues to be supported by the state and local governments at all levels. At the beginning of 2006, the State Council issued the "National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan", and listed "high-efficiency, energy-saving, long-life semiconductor lighting products" as the first priority theme (industrial energy-saving) in the first key areas of energy management (energy). In the same year, the national "Eleventh Five-Year" 863 Program "Semiconductor Lighting Project" major project was officially launched. On January 10, 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission (hereinafter referred to as the “National Development and Reform Commission†jointly issued the “Interim Measures for the Management of Financial Subsidy Funds for Efficient Lighting Products Promotion†to promote the rapid development of the LED industry. On November 4, 2011, the "Notice on the gradual ban on the import and sale of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the five ministries and commissions clearly stated that the incandescent lamps will be phased out and planned to be October 1, 2016. Incandescent lamps will completely withdraw from the market. The National Development and Reform Commission also organized the drafting of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for the semiconductor lighting industry, and will work with the Ministry of Finance to study and formulate measures to encourage LED promotion. The promulgation and implementation of this measure will greatly promote the lighting industry in China.
At the same time, in the context of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for energy conservation and emission reduction, the Chinese government has also issued a series of incentive policies for public lighting, accelerating the pace of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction in China, expanding the domestic demand for LED products, and accelerating the promotion of LED lighting products. Application area. It includes related system projects such as “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Milesâ€, “Thousands of Miles†and “Green Lighting City†to promote the recognition of LED lighting products and create a good market space for them.
With the further development of LED's role in energy conservation and emission reduction, the transformation of related industries, and the transformation of economic development mode, China is expected to introduce more powerful LED industry development promotion measures, and its policy space and market space have great potential for improvement. .
4 China's LED lighting industry standardization status
After several years of development, China's LED industry has basically formed a relatively complete industrial chain. At the same time, the development of LED lighting standards and the establishment of a standard system have entered a stage of rapid development. At present, the domestic standard projects involving LED and semiconductor lighting have basically covered all links of epitaxial chips, packaged devices, product applications, test equipment and other industrial chains.
4.1 Distribution Status of China's LED Lighting Industry
Driven by the “National Semiconductor Lighting Projectâ€, China has established seven national semiconductor lighting engineering industrialization bases in Shanghai, Xiamen, Dalian, Nanchang, Shenzhen, Yangzhou and Shijiazhuang. The distribution of the domestic LED industry is as follows.
(1) Pearl River Delta: mainly concentrated in Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Foshan, Huizhou, Guangzhou, Jiangmen and Dongguan. The Pearl River Delta region is one of the most active and fastest regions for the development of semiconductor lighting industrialization in China. Its packaging and application are the largest in China, and it is the closest to the market, with active investment and more overseas companies. The most obvious competitive advantage is the market advantage. At present, the LED lighting consumption in the Guangdong market accounts for 50% of the country. Among them, Guangzhou's industrial base is concentrated in high-end service platforms such as R&D, testing and design, and downstream packaging. The semiconductor lighting industry in Shenzhen has initially formed a complete industrial chain of “sapphire-extension-grain-package-applicationâ€. Jiangmen is mainly concentrated in the downstream. Packaging, application areas, and extensions of epitaxial chips for upstream and midstream.
(2) Yangtze River Delta: In the Yangtze River Delta region represented by Hangzhou and Ningbo in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the LED industry has strong supporting capabilities, high-end applications, and concentrated talents and funds. Among them, Shanghai has shown a good industrial development trend in semiconductor chip manufacturing and packaging applications, and formed a relatively complete industrial chain and enterprise group; Jiangsu semiconductor lighting industry is driven by the development of electronic information industry, currently in semiconductor lighting Packaging and application have begun to take shape; Ningbo has a solid industrial base (starting earlier, at the same time for the lighting production base) and economic location advantages.
(3) é—½ Triangle: It is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi and Fujian. The upstream investment scale of the é—½ Triangle region is the largest in China, and the scale and chip production capacity and chip enterprises are large. Taiwan enterprises have more transfer. Xiamen has a good group advantage, talent advantage and location advantage. Jiangxi Province has achieved large-scale production from upstream epitaxial materials, midstream chip manufacturing to downstream device packaging.
(4) Bohai Bay area: The Bohai Bay area, represented by Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Hebei, etc., has strong R&D strength, concentrated research and development institutions, and has the best extension and chip technology in China. Especially in Beijing, the R&D advantage is obvious; Dalian has a solid light industry and optoelectronics industry base, and the economic location advantage of the “Northeast Asia Economic Circle Centerâ€.
4.2 China's LED lighting industry standardization status
4.2.1 Overview of domestic LED lighting standard revision
At present, China has promulgated a total of 111 LED lighting standards, including 36 national LED standards, 8 national LED standards that have been drafted and are being drafted, and 20 national LED standards. A total of 56 LED industry standards have been issued, and a total of 19 LED local standards have been issued.
4.2.2 Development Status of Domestic LED Lighting Industry Standard System
The standard system is an organic whole formed by a certain range of standards according to their internal relations. The LED lighting industry standard system is a scientific and organic whole that has been formulated, is being developed, and needs to be developed in the process of LED industrialization. It involves the formation of raw materials, equipment and epitaxial growth, and midstream chip manufacturing. The process of standardization of the entire LED industry chain to downstream packaging and product development, production and application.
In recent years, the LED lighting industry has received strong support from the state and local governments, and the speed of the standard system has been significantly accelerated. A large number of LED national standards, industry standards and local standards have been promulgated and established, which constitutes the basic framework of the LED lighting industry standard system.
The domestic LED lighting industry standard system framework mainly follows the core technical characteristics of the LED industry chain, and emphasizes the application requirements of LED products in the field of lighting and display. It is divided into general technical standard sub-systems, materials, epitaxy, chip standard sub-systems, packages, devices, Module standard sub-system, drive and control standard sub-system, application product standard sub-system, equipment standard sub-system, special place application standard sub-system, a total of 7 standard sub-systems.
The domestic LED lighting industry standard system framework contains three levels of content: the first level includes LED chip standards, LED packaging technology standards and LED lighting standards. The second level includes four categories: basic standards, performance standards, method standards, and security standards. The third level includes the standard of lighting LED test methods, the illumination LED beam can reach more than 2100lm, the light efficiency can reach above 90lm/W, and the beam maintenance rate is above 90%. It is possible to raise these standards next year. The safety standards for this announcement include four standards including D12 sockets, LED fluorescent lamps and LED fluorescent converters, which are mainly LED fluorescent lamps.
Recently, South Korea has issued a new circular, the draft standard for fluorescent lamp replacement type L ED lamps. The draft raises the safety standards for LED lamps that can replace straight, row and ring fluorescent lamps. The draft standard addresses the safety standards for LED lamps that can replace straight, townline and ring fluorescent lamps, and specifies the safety and functional requirements for fluorescent lamp replacement LED lamps, such as insulation resistance, dielectric strength, creepage distance, electrical Gap, heat and flame resistance, performance requirements include luminous flux, color temperature and point / kill life.
3 Conclusion
Generally speaking, many international standardization organizations have formulated various standards, which reflect the situation of giving full attention to standardization, but some of them have repeated and contradictory problems, especially some applications are influenced by traditional industries and standard technologies. The shackles and the existence of technical blind spots create standard unscientific problems. Therefore, it is recommended that domestic LED standardization work should be based on the technology and experience of existing international standards, rationally plan the content and process of LED standardization in China, fully carry out research on LED standardization, accelerate the development of LED national standards suitable for China's national conditions, and standardize Work closely with the market, increase investment in LED standardization, cultivate LED standardization talents, and build China's LED standardization system as soon as possible.
Edit: Cedar
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