Due to the weakness of mechanical braking in DC motors, their applications are limited. The surface speed and commutating current and voltage of the commutator are limited, which increases the difficulty and cost of motor manufacturing and adjusts the complexity of the control system, limits the increase of its speed and power, and its constant speed range is also better. small. The commutator must be regularly shut down for inspection and repair, which is cumbersome to use and maintain.
After the 1980s, electronic technology, cool speed control theory, and modern control theory have been greatly developed. At the same time, new high-power semiconductor devices, high-power transistors GTR, and insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBTs have matured and are driven by AC. Entering the practical stage has created the necessary conditions. Nowadays, most CNC machine tools use the weak point of the on-board commutation of the AC-type induction AC motor and the limitations in adjustment and high-power. The performance of the variable-frequency AC drive with the first conversion control has reached the level of DC drive. In addition, the electric motor is small in size and light in weight, and it is fully enclosed, and has good anti-dust and oil-proof performance. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend that the AC motor completely replaces the DC motor.
Analysis of AC spindle drive in CNC machine toolsThe flow servo motor has two types of cage asynchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor, and most of them use AC permanent magnet synchronous electric Yang. Most of the spindle motors use the cage-type induction asynchronous motor, and rarely use the reading-winding synchronous motor. Because the current capacity of the 10,000-volume motor is not large enough, the cost of the motor is also high. But with the development of electric motors, it may not be possible to stand up and use permanent magnet motors. Of course, through the green of the DC spindle, we can see that the control of the penalty axis has no performance requirements such as servo control, that is, the cage asynchronous motor can also meet the requirements of the machine tool.
The cage induction asynchronous motor distributes a set of three-phase windings on the stator, which are spatially different from each other by a potential angle of 120 degrees. The rotor is a short-circuit bar and an end ring cast from alloy aluminum. The structure is very simple. Obviously, an ordinary induction motor can be used to make the CNC spindle motor. The AC spindle motor is structurally identical to the conventional motor, but its electrical strength is particularly enhanced, and its mechanical strength is also particularly enhanced because it requires a higher capability. In addition, it has many features in the structure, and there is a great improvement in the ventilation structure. The ventilating hole is added to the stator of the motor. The motor is not used as the outer casing country, but the shell is made of Kui steel and can be made into a polygonal structure. This is more conducive to heat dissipation. In order to improve the starting and running characteristics, the rotor I am inclined groove cast aluminum. The tail of the AC spindle motor, a pulse generator or pulse encoder for coaxial mounting detection.
The motor is divided into flange type and ground type in the installation mode, which can be selected according to different needs.
The AC main shaft electric cloud machine also reflects its performance by the power speed relationship curve. The characteristic curve shows that the characteristic curve of the AC main shaft motor is similar to the DC main shaft electric branch idea: below the basic speed is the constant torque speed regulation. Above the basic speed is constant power speed regulation. However, there are some electric motors. When the motor speed exceeds a certain value, the speed curve falls, and constant power cannot be guaranteed. For a typical spindle motor, this constant power speed adjustment range ratio is 1:3. When the motor is at constant power output, the speed range is 2000~6000r/min. In addition, the spindle electric idea content also has a strong overload capacity, generally 1.2 to 1.5 times the rated value, and the overload time varies from a few minutes to a half-hour.
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